Some believe that Saudi relations of Egypt in modern history is a model and a true reflection of the Arab relations, charmingly battleground between the poles, and sometimes witness an exchange of roles in regional issues, and at other times experiencing integrated, but everyone Pityarath different combines no doubt that the Saudi relations of Egypt in all its forms In the early stages of development, form the basis of security and stability in all the Arab region, and that any collision is going on in these relationships is not in favor of the two countries and the Arab nation, all, but does not come also in the interest of the region, where this affects the regional balance in the region and opens the door for other parties to take on roles not necessarily in favor of issues and interests of Arab and Islamic countries.
On the other hand, the property of the other which is characterized by Saudi relations of Egypt, like the Arab relations in general, although relations have taken the Saudi-Egyptian some privacy for both countries, in the sense that the forms of roles, which take the sometimes competing and sometimes the exchange and at other times of integration, based on reference and features political, that is, impact, vulnerability and advance and retreat is through the political issues that impose themselves on the region, and then make policy on the economy here, there is less competition or integration or exchange of roles on economic issues. And sufficient degree of economic exchange and slowing growth of trade relations may not match up with the number of Egyptians working in Saudi Arabia and the number of Saudis living in the Arab Republic of Egypt.
Thus, it needs to Astratiچip designed to promote a real exchange rates in ten years, as well as with respect to the size and quality of investments and joint ventures.If Egypt's share of the volume of exports of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to Arab countries up to about 18%, while Saudi Arabia imports 43% of the volume of import from the Arab Republic of Egypt, but it comes under the numbers in a mildly low among Arab countries and some of them.
This of course does not mean underestimating the convergence and coordination of roles witnessed by Saudi relations Egyptian political level, a good thing certainly, but what we sought to look forward Astratiچip movement of relations from square one, to other parts of interlocked economic relations.
In this sense, then closer relations and the consolidation of interests between the two countries in various fields all in general, and in particular in the area of economic cooperation and trade, which creates real interests on the ground and build a bulwark against any two-state political changes.
A historical perspective of the Egyptian-Saudi relations
Third Saudi state was established by its founder King Abdul-Aziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud, God bless his soul, in 1926, and recognized Egypt, Saudi Arabia in the same year as a free, sovereign and united Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in September 23, 1932.
As for Egypt, we have a history embodied in a state, before the state reading of history and destiny to be a safety valve for the Arab world and Islamic world, to believe the words of the poet Hafez Ibrahim
The fate of God I die
Do not see the Middle raise the head after me
From this standpoint, the forces of attraction and repulsion to exist between the two countries appeared Organization agreements between Saudi Arabia and Egypt, was the Convention on the reconstruction carried out by the Riyadh Egypt in 1939, then the joint defense agreement in 1955 after the departure of British troops from Egypt.
In light of the development of cooperation between Saudi Arabia and Egypt, witnessed the era of the sixties of the twentieth century AD, the last degree of competition and reached the intensity with Egyptian involvement in Yemen, during the union with Syria, and saw the era of the seventies a radical shift in the cooperation between Arab countries led by Saudi Arabia during the war in October 1973 and the cooperation is the dominant feature in it.
As for the exchange of roles, was the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a sponsor of the Taif agreement to stop the bleeding of the civil war in Lebanon, and continues to play an intermediary role in many Arab and regional conflicts through consensus with the Egyptian role in the region. As for economic relations between the two countries, they include trade relations, investments and workers.
Economic relations between the two countries
Estimated population of Saudi Arabia about 28 million people and gross domestic product of about U.S. $ 594 billion, while nominal GDP is estimated at about 482 billion dollars U.S., so the average per capita income ranging between 20-24 thousand dollars a year.
The population of Egypt stands at 80 million people and has a gross domestic product is estimated at 410 billion U.S. dollars, and nominal GDP is estimated at 190 billion U.S. dollars, and the average income ranges from 5.2 to 5.6 thousand U.S. dollars per year.Egyptian economy has passed through several stages most recent stages of liberalization, which began with the era of the nineties of the twentieth century the last century and the adoption of market policies and the private sector.
In Saudi Arabia, increase the gross national product of nearly 33 times in 28 years thanks to discoveries of oil and natural sources.
As for the structure of manufacturing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is based on heavy industries and manufacturing industries.
For the basic industries depend mostly on oil and operated by the public sector to the volume of investments required by.
The manufacturing industry consists of food, building materials and chemical industries and metal industries, which involve the private sector.
In that structural similarity with the Egyptian industries, with pharmaceuticals and digital industries, the Egyptian economy.
In 2008 the volume of trade exchange between the two countries about U.S. $ 3.5 billion, which represents about one-third of trade between Egypt and the Arab world, where Egypt's exports amounted to about U.S. $ 926 billion and imports from Saudi Arabia about $ 2.6 billion.
Exports include; of agricultural commodities grain, plants, roots and tubers and grains and oleaginous fruits, building materials, steel and steel and copper and its products, aluminum and industries and chemical products and pharmaceutical such as pharmaceuticals and oils and products of chemical organic and inorganic.
The imports are petroleum products and mineral fuels, mineral oils, and chemical products and pharmaceutical products, organic chemicals and extracts for tanning, dyeing, resins and plastics, industrial, and construction materials, metal products, copper and its products, steel and milk products, salt, sulfur, earths and stone, with regard to machinery and equipment include cars, tractors and machinery.
There are trade agreements signed and in force between the two countries, including the Convention on facilitation and development of trade and its Executive of the League of Arab States as of January 2005, the Convention on economic and trade cooperation, investment and technical, which came into force at the end of 1990 was to stop the commercial aspect of this implementation of the Convention to Egypt's commitments within the framework of the WTO.
There are joint committees and the Council of Saudi-Egyptian Business and Agti land and sea transport, as well as mutual visits of ministers of trade, investment, industry and business.
According to the statistics of the Centre for Policy Studies and Alastratiچip Al-Ahram, there is more than a million Egyptians working in Saudi Arabia (at least) and the volume of transfers of 11% of the income sent from abroad into Egypt, and there are nearly 400 thousand Saudi residents in Egypt, There are more than 2500-3000 a Saudi company is investing approximately 11 to 20 billion U.S. dollars, and there is a line to connect the electricity companies between Cairo and Riyadh and lines freely and sustainable tourism is tourism in Saudi Arabia, religious and recreational activities in Egypt.
Projects of the Egyptian, Saudi Arabia, it is up to about 1200 project and joint projects exceed 400 projects.
As for the nature of investments in the two countries, The economy of Saudi Arabia depends on the fields of petroleum and natural gas, roads and construction large a project nature are not commensurate with the capital of small or medium, it does not fit with the possibilities of the private sector of the Egyptian investments and need for international companies and multinational or cooperation among the most of the company.
This means the need for a great deal of cooperation, coordination and integration of capital to be able to fulfill this responsibility, and capacity should be developed until the establishment of companies and consultancy offices in Egypt, the place of foreign companies operating in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, across the Arab Contractors and Orascom, Raya and Weavers.
According to the statement made by Dr. Mohi-Din, Egyptian Minister of Investment former, the volume of private investment in Egypt has risen from 46.4 billion Egyptian pounds in 2005 to about 140 billion Egyptian pounds in 2010 the last of which 13% Arab and foreign investments estimated at about 15%.
But with the numbers are still below the level not commensurate with the date and size of the two countries in the region, and there are still obstacles should stand in front of a traditional, including logistics, including those associated with cultural and social climate, including what is essential and is linked to the size and quality of production in both countries.
For example, should be expanded in exhibitions in both countries is not only doing business on certain ports, and there should be advertising campaigns and advertising to increase awareness of the positive attitude towards the Arab products.
On the other hand, enhance the quality in the Egyptian environment to attract input Arabia. Must also be considered in collaboration and integration between the companies operating in the two countries to develop their competitiveness in global markets.
Future scenarios
We are faced with enormous human capacity enjoyed by Egypt and the experiences of economic, educational, historical, and to the capacity of investment and economic challenges and promising the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, leading the wheel in this regard, the political forces and regional conflicts.
It is hoped here that replace the wheel led to the economy or create a parallel stream of the current political trend in the form of leading economic trade and increase investment and to be real protection and the shell in which they operate through agreements and international conventions and bilateral agreements and domestic laws. And to create a special cooperation between the two countries reflects the reality and depth of historical relations between the two countries.
And sign the protocols of cooperation in the field of education, health, investment, media and tourism and to agree on conditions to be met to translate these protocols into practice contribute to raising the standard of living in both countries.
Not only on real estate investment, which diminished the real value added by the growing size of the unit and speculation, and to move investments to real productive sectors. Here appears the role of governments in steering the rudder through the policies of prevention and grants using the available economic policies.
Raise the ceiling of the minimum between the two countries regarding the treatment of capital and find that common ground in the Convention of the Arab funds to invest in Arab countries.
To adopt the two investment projects concerned with production and the environment, shall be deemed to productive investment projects for sustainable sustainable productive investment.
To help media networks and satellite channels, through an agreement or within the framework of the Arab League or in a bilateral framework, in improving the image of the Arab investor and producer of belonging to the Arab and Arab identity.
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