No thyroid (Thyroid Gland) in the anterior part of the neck, and contain certain cells called follicular cells
(Follicular Cells), which manufacture and secretion of two basic types of hormones are: -
T4 (thyroxine) (Tetraiodothyronine-Thyroxine)
T3 (Tri Aidutheronan) (Triiodothyronine)
It contains hormones on the element iodine, which relies on him as a principal source of food, and settle most of the iodine intake of food inthe thyroid gland and enters in the manufacture ofhormones so that the living body contains several mechanicsworking on the absorption of iodine, and reduced Tkhozath in the thyroid gland.
For these hormones (T3 and T4) effects on some of the following operations:
1. Effect on carbohydrate metabolism: Thyroid hormonesincrease the level of glucose in the blood, it increases with theoxidation of glucose in the tissue, but increases the absorption ofglucose and increase the conversion of glycogen to glucose thanincrease this oxidation.
2. Effect on the metabolism of fat: increase of these hormonesfrom the break down fat, which leads to increase the proportion offatty acids in the blood, thereby increasing the composition ofacetone bodies, and assists thyroid hormones as well as theoxidation of cholesterol to the acid bile (Bile Acids) in the liver, leading to decrease the level of cholesterol in the the blood.
3. Effect on protein metabolism: helps thyroid hormone atphysiological doses of protein synthesis (Anabolic Protein), butresult in high doses of these hormones to break proteins(Catabolic Protein), which leads to a lack of nitrogen
(Negative Nitrogen Balance) and the weakness in the musclesand increase the output non-protein nitrogen substances in the urine and increase the proportion of creatinine in the urine.
4. Hormones play a role in the process of physical growth andsexual development (sperm in men).
5. The importance of hormones in the growth of embryos Onthaepregnancy and lack of it leads to birth defects and cases ofstunting (Cretinism) bred embryos infected with short stature, andcongenital deformities.
6. Other effects: increase of thyroid hormones from theconsumption of oxygen in all body tissues except the thyroid glanditself, and raise the temperature of the body and take advantage of this phenomenon is to generate heat (Thermogenesis) to measure the activity of the thyroid gland and occurs a rise in temperaturedue to an increase in the metabolic processes in the body , andthese hormones help to convert carotenoids to vitamin "A" andalso help to absorb the vitamin "B".
التسميات
Thyroid