Acute Enteric Fever: Salmonella
Understanding the Illness:
Acute enteric fever is a serious infection caused by the Salmonella bacteria. It primarily affects the intestines but can spread to other parts of the body. While there are different types of Salmonella, the most common culprits for enteric fever are Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi.
Symptoms:
Symptoms typically appear within a week of exposure and can include:
- High fever that gradually increases.
- Headache.
- Loss of appetite.
- Abdominal pain and bloating.
- Constipation or diarrhea.
- Muscle aches.
- Fatigue.
- Rash.
In severe cases, complications can occur, including intestinal bleeding and perforation, pneumonia, and heart inflammation.
Causes and Transmission:
The primary way enteric fever spreads is through contaminated food or water. This often happens in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene. Other potential sources include:
- Close contact with an infected person.
- Contaminated raw or undercooked food, especially poultry, eggs, and meat.
- Unpasteurized milk or dairy products.
- Contaminated water.
Diagnosis and Treatment:
Diagnosing enteric fever involves a combination of:
- Physical examination: Checking for signs of illness, such as fever and abdominal tenderness.
- Blood tests: To identify the Salmonella bacteria.
- Stool culture: To confirm the presence of Salmonella.
Treatment typically involves:
- Antibiotics: To kill the Salmonella bacteria.
- Fluid replacement: To prevent dehydration.
- Supportive care: To manage symptoms and complications.
Prevention:
Preventing enteric fever is crucial, especially in areas with high risk. Key preventive measures include:
- Proper food handling and preparation: Cooking food thoroughly, washing hands, and avoiding unpasteurized dairy products.
- Safe water: Drinking only boiled or bottled water.
- Good sanitation: Proper disposal of human waste.
- Vaccination: Typhoid vaccines are available and recommended for travelers to high-risk areas.
Importance of Early Treatment:
Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for preventing complications and reducing the risk of spreading the infection. If you suspect you have enteric fever, it's crucial to seek medical attention promptly.
التسميات
Fever