Counties and cities, the capital of the Arab Republic of Egypt, the largest city in Africa. Located on the Nile and about 20 km from the top of the Delta.
The near this site city Romanian strongholds Babello, and on the opposite shore was the Memphis, one of the capitals of ancient Egypt.
Established the Fatimid commander essence of Sicilian (969) to be the capital of Egypt in the wake of Islamic capitals: Fustat, and the military, and Alktaea. And shrouded by a fence of Albannn renewed Badr al-Jamali Minister al-Mustansir (1087) and made of huge stones. The fence eight sections, three of which are still lingering a: Bab Zuwayla, and Bab Al-Futuh, and the door of victory.
Crusaders failed to break into Cairo in their attack in the 12th century, and to protect the city built Saladin (1179) Citadel still overlooking the city even today. Cairo flourished under the rule of the Mamluks who added to a lot of magnificent buildings, such as mosques, schools, agencies and public water fountains and others. Cairo often grown and increased its commercial importance. Some modern neighborhoods, good planning, but famous mosques and monuments great palaces and gates are in the old parts.
Of months mosques of Cairo Mosque of Amr (Horn 7), and the Mosque of Ibn Tulun (Horn 9) and Al-Azhar Mosque (972), and Sultan Hassan Mosque (1356), and collector Qaitbay (Century 15) and the three universities: Azhar University, the largest Islamic university in the world , and the University of Cairo (1925) and Ain Shams (1950) and a large number of colleges and schools. Of the most important museums Cairo: Egyptian Museum of Antiquities, the Museum of Islamic Art, and the Coptic Museum, and the Museum House Alkrthlh, and Museum of Modern Art, and the Museum of Egyptian civilization, and Geological Museum, Military Museum, Railway Museum, and the Museum of mail, and the museum health, and the Museum of cotton, and the Agricultural Museum, The museum animal zoo, Abdeen Palace Museum, and the Palace Museum Nile island of kindergarten, and Nation House Museum (1919) and the Museum of Mustafa Kamel, and Jewel Palace Museum Citadel. Cairo several role of books, including: Egyptian National Library, which includes a lot of precious manuscripts. The island kindergarten measure of the Nile in the place who thinks that Yam had our master Moses threw him. From the outskirts of Cairo: Heliopolis and Maadi - two of the residential areas of modern - and Helwan - the hospital healthy, their eyes sulphurous, and near steel plants, and Giza - and the Pyramids and the Sphinx - and Shubra Al Khaimah - the industrial zone.
Stretching Cairo on the banks of the Nile about 50 km. And two linking the two banks together several bridges, including:
1 - Liberation Bridge (formerly Nile Palace 1875).
2 - Zamalek Bridge (1907)
3 - Giza Bridge (1908).
4 - Bridge July 26 (Abul Ela Bridge formerly 1909).
5 - Bridge vacated (English - blind 1911)
6 - University Bridge (1957).
Smashed in Cairo several new ways. The most important of the Corniche Road, which runs between St. Helwan and hugs the Nile. And saw the latest model several large hotels and modern buildings. Held in Cairo several international conferences, including the Conference of Kings and Heads of Arab States (1964). The conference of the Organization of African Unity (1964), and the Conference of the Non-Aligned policy (October 1964).
Cairo The capital of the Arab Republic of Egypt and its largest city, located on the east bank of the Nile River, in Hmalcherqa Egypt, nearly 800 km from the site of the Aswan High Dam, just south of Egypt. The range includes City islands island (Zamalek) and K (Manial district) in the course of the Nile, as well as To the West Bank of the river. The neighborhoods of the city covers an area of 215 km ², land and AntiquesAgricultural terms of both the north and south. Cairo is part of the Nile Valley, while Antiques Desert sectors in terms of the east, and stretching north-western parties of the desert East and West, where there are introductions to the Western Sahara. The range includes the city as well as the Golan Mokattam which are now part of the residential scale, and the Red Mountain. Branching River Nile, north of Cairo into two sections: the Damietta branch of length of 242 km, and the Rosetta branch of Length of 236 km.
And take the scope of Cairo shape turbofan which narrower Ranges located in the south and mostExtension in the north when the introductions to the Nile Delta. And distributed ranges Urban Home to Cairo on the eastern and western shores of the Nile River, in addition to the islands Kindergarten and the island. So it was necessary to create a number of bridges linking Cairo neighborhoods Different, and comes on top of these bridges in terms of length, complexity and sprawl and modernity Construction, the Sixth of October Bridge, as well as bridges Nile Palace, evacuate and Abu Ala, King Saleh Abbas University and May 15 and Imbaba. The latter links between the two shores of the Nile, north Cairo and pass it railway lines linking north of Egypt Bmhafezadtha, Fidelta Nile And south of Egypt, where runs along the Nile in Upper Egypt governorates.
Ex breadth of the territory of the city of Cairo and its extensions Urban and ensure good managementPublic affairs of this vital part of the land of Egypt, Imran Cairo divided administratively Three governorates: Cairo, followed by most of the known Cairo, with the boundaries, and Giza and followedThe southern and western parts of Cairo, Alexandria and followed by the northern range of the City and known as the Shubra Al Khaimah .
Climate. Cairo climate characterized by fever during Summer months and moderation, with a tendency to sometimes cold during the winter months, ranging The average daily temperature in July (summer) between 36 ° C above the temperature and 21 ° C The lowest temperature, while the rate varies daily during the month of January (winter) between 18 ° C The highest temperature and 8 ° C lower temperature. So leads breeze Nile River during the summer months Role in hypothermia in Cairo.However moving large numbers of people Cairo to various resorts Egypt comes in the forefront of the city of Alexandria (Egypt resort I) and Ismailia The closest resort to Cairo, which do not exceed the distance between Alqahirhwalasmaeilih 122 km.
Cairo has been under sometimes sirocco winds during the period between March And June, which is working to raise the winds average temperature by up to 14 ° Sudden, they also reduce the moisture in the air to no more than 10%. The inhabitants of Cairo A lot of fine dust particles that come from the Mokattam Hills, Red Mountain, and during Activity periods Wind movement until he was planting hillsides referred to.
التسميات
Egypt