Damascus is the capital of the Syrian Arab Republic and the most populous cities, and the conservative base, which includes the districts of Damascus always, Zabadani, and marigold, and Alnbug.
Located in the southwest of the country to the north-east of Mount Hermon in the vast plain and flat and passes through the Barada River, which irrigates the orchards and Jnainha overlooking the north Mount Qassioun.
Is the center of the province of Damascus and an important center of trade centers, industry, agriculture and culture. Famous Damascus chemical and mineral industries, electrical and manufacturing candies and sweets, jams, and the spinning industry The fabric because of the spread of cotton cultivation, and grain mills and plastic industries, leather and footwear industry and many others. Which indicates that the industry represents a sophisticated and active sector in the Syrian Arab Republic where they rely on their domestic industries.
Damascus markets always full of products and commodities, where he was sundry items of goods. And frequented by traders from all Arab and foreign countries and the most important market Hamidiya which of the most popular markets and market Medhat Pasha, who still maintained their old character.
In Damascus University ancient scientific, involving various types of specialty. And the Palace each bone and Military Museum, and the National Museum, and the Mosque of the Umayyads historical, and many of the effects of the Byzantine and Arab and a large number of historic mosques and shrines, the most important shrine Sayeda Zeinab girl Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with them to the southern side, which attracts many visitors who destination of different places, and serves as the commander Saladin and many scientists and parents.
In Damascus, renowned trade fair opens on the banks of the Barada River once a year. And airports: first Mazza airport which Old Airport is located to the west and the second sophisticated modern airport is located to the south-east and it is about 30 km. Also built in Damascus several large luxury hotels. Sorouh an empty mansion new hospitality and the huge presidential palace and large-Assad Library, and on the road to the airport is establishing a center for conferences, as well as the city of cinema and the Military College for Girls and the draft and the Opera House complex.
Damascus is one of the oldest capitals and Oargaha, called Damascus from Aldamishqh a speed they Damishqgua in building any hurry. It was named after the Damascus name Dmahq bin ruby bin Malik bin Erfajhz bin Sam bin Noah. It was the first of built Damascus Bjura_v and said Jeroen bin Saad bin returned toss bin Sam bin Noah. Built after the birth of Abraham, peace be upon him five years. It was said that the builder Lazarus Ghulam Ibrahim was named Damascus became known in his name. They said that the first wall placed in the earth after the flood wall is Damascus and Harran. In some interpretations that Damascus is the knoll in the verse: «and Aoenaha to Myriad of a particular decision (fig, verse: 1).
Damascus was the base the Arameans years 940 BC.. Opened by the Arabs in the first of their formative years, then became the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate. And successively Abbasids became a center for poets come to praise the caliphs in pursuit of earning material. Then successively by Tulunids and Akhchidion Fatimid, Ayyubid and Mamluk. Tamerlane income year 1400. And burned. And occupied by the Ottomans in 1516, and the Egyptians in 1832 under the leadership of Ibrahim bin Mohammed Ali Pasha.
Damascus is famous in good architecture and the integrity of the turf and the large fruit and high waters.The most beautiful thing about Gottha which had not seen in the world like her. To Alahmese was quoted as saying: «Gardens minimum of three: Gota Damascus and Balkh River and the Idiot.
Of the most important mosques of Damascus mosque Ibrahim, two mosques, one in Alocharin and the other in Barzeh, mosque door east, and said to Jesus descends in it, and small mosque, said to Yahyaa killed there and the wall tribal this mosque is said to be a Jew peace be upon him is that builders.
That the most important mosques in Damascus, the Umayyad Mosque or Umayyad Mosque, and is a great example of good workmanship in architecture. Architecture began Walid bin Abdul Malik year 87 AH. Work continued on the nine years. The mosque has four sections: east door is a door Geron, and the door of Western Mail called the door, and the door of the increase in the kiss and the door Natafanyen.They said that the roof was of pure lead and that it contains a series is six hundred gold chain.
He was said a Western archaeologists: "if not the greatest buildings in the land of Islam has up to that time, but a global architecture innovations of all time in the country."
In Damascus Church effects "Ananias" old, and it retains its simple character in the heart of a stone cave.Damascus soon ancient monastery built on a rocky hill, in Sednaya, a religious shrine.
In Damascus, oriental markets, exposure homemade goods, oriental, especially Damascene Kalmozaiek flour manufacture, and brocade fabric made on hand looms, marquetry with mother of pearl industries and decoration, embroidery and needlework, and real-engraved copper. The most famous of these markets: "Hamidiya market", and the Umayyad Mosque is located, was built Sultan Abdul Hamid market by more than a hundred years, it became known as his name.
The Museum of Damascus is one of the most beautiful museums of the region, and richest, and include its covenants Greek and Roman, Byzantine and Islamic periods. The most important thing in the previous effects of branch opening Greek Marie effects of alabaster statues, Spare coincidences pottery plates and the effects of Ras Shamra (Ugarit), including the Phoenician alphabet stone, and has a precious bronze.
In Ottoman Damascus effects, hospice Sulaymaniyah, and Azem Palace, a beautiful model of architectural art in the mid-18th century, has been converted into a museum of folk traditions.
التسميات
Syria